Article
Submitted: 17 January 2019
Resale price maintenance (or: RPM) refers to the practice of controlling or influencing the pricing of a reseller by either expressly of effectively setting fixed or lower limits to the resale price. In recent years, both the European Commission (the Commission) and national competition authorities (NCAs) have shown an increased interest in this kind of conduct and have on occasion issued substantial fines. Meanwhile, there are numerous ways in which RPM might be effectuated which may not always be clear to the participants to such arrangements.